36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by

　　(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.

　　(B) companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices

　　(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.

　　(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

　　37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

　　(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

　　(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

　　(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

　　(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

　　38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s defense

　　(A) revealed a cunning personality.

　　(B) centered on trivial issues.

　　(C) was hardly convincing.

　　(D) was part of a conspiracy.

　　39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

　　(A) generally distorted values.

　　(B) unfair wealth distribution.

　　(C) a marginalized lifestyle.

　　(D) a rigid moral code.

　　40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

　　(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.

　　(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.

　　(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

　　(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

　　Text4答案解析：

　　36. 答案A. The consequences of the current sorting mechanism. 因果细节题 题目问到Elisbeth 因什么而感到沮丧。定位在第一段第二句 Intergrity had collapsed, ..., because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market, 由于社会中唯一的分类机制是利润和市场这一共同的观念，导致了正直这种道德品质的沦丧。

　　37. 答案 B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 段落推断题 定位到第三段第一句 As the hacking trial concludes.... the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands 正如窃听案总结的那样，仍然存在更广泛的dearth of integrity 的事件，与选项B 对应。

　　38. 答案 C was hardly convincing 观点细节题 根据第四段第二句中astonishing，how little...,how little... She never ... 以及第三句中She knew nothing 的语气判断作者的态度是认为RB的辩护是没有说服力的。

　　39. 答案 A generally distorted values 观点细节题 题干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在随后的第四、第五句。 The current collective doctrine 认为重要的是 efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value...., 而认为justice, fairness....不重要，故扭曲了价值观。

　　40. 答案是C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper. 段落推断题 定位在最后一段前两句。世界新闻杂志的目的不是提升读者的理解能力。。。。而是为了发行量和影响力而毁了人们的生活。从ruined the lives 的表达能看出作者希望杂志所做的是提高其道德意识，与C选项对应。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　How does your reading proceed? Clearly, you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41)________________. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is evolved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where?

　　The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension but they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42) ________________

　　Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relationship of the text to the world. (43) _____________

　　Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________. This does not, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page---including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--- debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of belief and values.

　　How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45) _____________. Such dimensions of reading suggest---as others introduced later in the book will also do--that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It does not then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.

　　[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

　　[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

　　[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

　　[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.

　　[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.

　　[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.

　　[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organizations or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.

　　41　【C】

　　解析：41段中空，所以要看上句。空前与空后句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D中存在，此其一也;D中出现了reconstruct(重组)逻辑上是再次发生，与位于句首的逻辑发生了叙述上的矛盾。故排除D选择C。另外，C中的words or idioms和meanings 在41空前句重现，因为前句中有identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them。

　　42 【E】

　　解析：42 段尾空，所以看上一句话。空前一句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D、E中存在，此其一也;其二，该句中主句谓语动词是infer, 与E中的宾语inferences构成逻辑对应关系。故排除C和D选择E。另外,42空前两句提到了阅读时我们会active engagement in inference and problem-solving, 并针对作者文中的specific evidence and clues　进行信息的推测。E选项中further 一词表明延续此话题，用for instance 具体举例说明我们对文章信息作怎么样的推测。

　　

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